New and Updated Cochrane Systematic Reviews

Objectives: We investigated whether the number of work shifts separated by less than 11 hours (quick returns) at baseline (T1) could predict health problems in nurses at 1-year follow-up (T2). Methods: 1224 nurses responded to a questionnaire-based survey in 2009 (T1) and 2010 (T2). Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses were completed to assess the association between annual number of quick returns at T1 and the following outcome variables at T2: shift work disorder (SWD), excessive sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), pathological fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Scale) and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), while controlling for age, gender, the corresponding outcome variable at T1, number of night shifts at T1, change in number of quick returns and number of night shifts from T1 to T2. Results: The adjusted analyses showed that the annual number of quick returns at T1 predicted the occurrence of SWD (OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01) and pathological fatigue (OR=1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01) at T2. A decreased number of quick returns from T1 to T2 entailed a reduced risk of pathological fatigue (OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.99) at T2. There was no association between quick returns at T1 and excessive sleepiness, anxiety or depression at T2 in the adjusted analyses. Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study investigating the associations between quick returns and future health problems. Quick returns increased the risk of SWD and pathological fatigue at 1-year follow-up. Reducing the number of quick returns from 1 year to the next was related to reduced risk of developing pathological fatigue. Publication Type: Journal: Article Source: EMBASE Full text: Available Highwire Press at Occupational and environmental medicine 25. Unacknowledged threats proffered "in a manner of speaking": Recognizing workplace bullying as shaming Citation: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, July 2014, vol./is. 46/4(281-291), 1527-6546;1547-5069 (July 2014) Author(s): Dzurec L.C.; Kennison M.; Albataineh R. Language: English Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine workplace bullying victims' perceptions of what they heard their bully counterparts say through their use of prosody. Design: From a sampling frame of 89 manuscripts referenced in the authors' previous studies, we identified a subset (n = 10) that included quotes regarding bullying victims' perceptions of communication experiences with their bully perpetrators. Methods: We used hermeneutics and a recursive metasynthesis to interpret quotes embedded in the manuscripts chosen for this study. Findings: Twothirds of language is expressed nonverbally through prosody or "manner of speaking"-rhythm, stress, intonation, and vocabulary choice. We found that as bullies communicated with their intended victims over time, they used prosody across subtle, linked communications, or boldly and openly in public venues, to establish a context-embedded, oneway communication process of "doublespeak." Conclusions: Bullies' confusing prosodic communication processes served to recontexualize victims' situations and, through mechanisms largely unacknowledged by the victims, to subtly demean their personhood, and to shame them and render them voiceless. Clinical relevance: This study directs formal attention to the language of workplace bullying. Further study might strengthen opportunities to effectively address and curtail the long-term personal, professional, and organizational injuries deriving from workplace bullying. 2014 Sigma Theta Tau International. Publication Type: Journal: Article Source: EMBASE Full text: Available EBSCOhost at Journal of Nursing Scholarship Full text: Available EBSCOhost at Journal of Nursing Scholarship 26. Workplace stress: What is the role of positive mental health? Citation: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, August 2014, vol./is.56/8(814-819), 1076-2752;15365948 (August 2014) Author(s): Page K.M.; Milner A.J.; Martin A.; Turrell G.; Giles-Corti B.; Lamontagne A.D. Language: English Abstract: Objective: To examine whether positive mental health (PMH) a positively focused well-being construct moderates the job stress-distress relationship. Methods: Longitudinal regression was used to test two waves of matched, population-level data from a sample of older, working Australian adults (n = 3291) to see whether PMH modified the relationship between work stress and later psychological distress. RESULTS:: Time 1 work stress was positively associated with distress at both time points. Positive mental health was negatively associated with work stress at both time points. Positive mental health modified the impact of work stress on psychological distress. This effect only occurred for those with the highest levels of PMH. Conclusions: Positive mental health may help protect workers from the effect of workplace stress but only in a small proportion of the population. Therefore, to improve workplace mental health, workplaces need to both prevent stress and promote PMH. Copyright 2014 by American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Publication Type: Journal: Article Source: EMBASE